the albatross
lesson one: the albatross.

the royal albatross
albatrosses are near and dear to my heart. they are so cool. they are seabirds in the tubenose family, like petrels & fulmars. that means their noses are a variation on this:
this is a fulmar nose, i drew it as an example because it’s the most drastic
albatross beaks don’t have such a sharp “cut off” to the tube, it gradually melds into the rest of the beak. albatrosses also have their nasal tubes to the sides of the beak instead of together on top, but the idea is that they are super-sniffers, as opposed to most birds.
this is cool because it means they can smell really, really, really well. it was thought that tubenoses could smell schools of fish UNDER THE WATER! which would be cool but now they think that they just smell little tiny amounts of a chemical that floats to the top of the water above the school. which is still amazing, seeing as how they are soaring along way above the water surface and detect very small trace amounts of the chemical. anyways. albatrosses. they eat mostly krill, small fish, and squid (all things that travel in large groups or schools) but like most seabirds (think seagulls) they will eat basically anything they can get. some species dive over 30 feet underwater to catch swimming stuff.
also they are gigantic! the great albatross has a wingspan bigger than any bird living (11 feet!), even the condor. they need these giant wings because they spend most of their lives flying over the ocean. they only land to breed (more on that in a minute). unlike a lot of big seabirds, they have really strong legs. this lets them walk pretty well on land.
since they are flying at sea for months at a time, they have to be super efficient, or they’d run out of energy. so their wing muscles are evolved in a really cool way: when their wings are extended (gliding), they are RELAXED. this means that they expend the most energy of their entire flight in taking off and landing. when they are gliding around, they’re AT REST! how awesome is that. i will answer. totally awesome. they have a very long, narrow wing, good for gliding. since flapping sucks for them, they have to land in the ocean if there is no wind to keep them up, and that’s when they sleep.

royal albatrosses flyin’
ok so back to breeding. they live for a super long time, reach maturity slowly (not sexually mature until at least 5 yrs old), don’t have babies that often and take really good care of them when they do, which means they are a K selected species. R selected species are things that multiply rapidly and die quickly (think mice, weeds). some albatrosses can live up to over 50 years, and it’s commonly thought that they often live as old as 70!!! this means that when something causes a decrease in their population it is harder & takes longer for them to recover.

albatross baby - they only have one huge baby at a time, so a lot of effort and energy goes into raising it to adulthood
since they invest so much time in their young, they carefully choose a mate over the course of a few years with a really elaborate mating ritual/dance, and are pretty much monogamous. even after the giant ordeal of selecting a mate, from the time they lay the egg until the chick fledges takes over a year. so they don’t have babies every year. the incubation period of the egg is somewhere on the order of 75 days for the smaller species of albatross!!! that’s like 2 1/2 months here people! LONGER for the larger species!!! that’s the longest incubation period of any egg of any bird. a chicken egg only takes 21 days. once an albatross baby is born, one parent stays with it constantly until it can at least kind of fend for itself, which is another 3 weeks.
they make big colonies on islands like most seabirds do for breeding. interestingly all the islands they choose don’t have any native land mammals, which makes sense because there would be fewer predators to get them while they and their babies were vulnerable on the ground. unfortunately this means they have evolved no defenses against mammalian predators, so if an animal is introduced, they are screwed. in a famous & tragic case, mice actually attack & eat the chicks of one colony of albatrosses. they also always return to their native island to breed, which sucks if an island is not really suitable.
most albatross species are threatened or endangered, mostly due to habitat loss (introduced animals eat the babies), hunting for meat, bones, or feathers, fishing accidents (hooked on bait or underwater nets), pollution (eating trash) and all those other common things that our ocean birds are dying of. albatrosses have been considered lucky by sailors for a really long time, which is cool. if you want to learn about cultural stuff though you can do it on your own because humans don’t interest me that much.

here ends lesson one: the albatross.




